"The texts which I now introduce are in one respect comparable to those which I wrote down from Maqsud Haji in 1935: they represent the indigenous knowledge and conception of agricultural matters of natives of Eastern Turkestan. They are all contained in a manuscript numbered Prov. 207 kept in the manuscript division of the University Library of Lund. These texts were written down in Kashghar around 1905-1910 upon the instigation of G. Raquette, who in those days was a missionary-surgeon in the Mission Covenant Church of Sweden in Kashghar. His intention was to use these texts and all the other texts contained in Prov. 207 for an Eastern Turki-English Dictionary which however was never written. The authors of these texts are two natives of Kashghar: Abdu Vali Akhon." ... "Of Abdu Vali Akhon is only known that he was an ordinary mullah of good reputation."
Jarring (1997-98: 1-3) says: "The English translations together with their respective notes make the texts self-explanatory. I would however like to add a few remarks of a general character. The names of flowers are very fluctuating and vary considerably in different parts of the country and even within the same region. The description of various flowers and plants given in the notes is often approximate. Only a botanical-linguistic investigation in the field which is highly desirable can straighten out all the question marks we now have to live with. The names of the different kinds of vegetables are strikingly often of Chinese origin. My conclusion is that these vegetables do not belong to the original diet of the Turk population of this Central Asian area. But further research in the field is necessary. I have included a chapter on fishing written by Abdu Vali Akhon as it is an industry usually carried on in combination with agriculture."
Jarring (1997-98: 1-3) says: "In the collection of Eastern Turki manuscripts in the University Library of Lund there are four such hand-books of agriculture numbered Prov. 2:2, 396:4, 400:5, 406:2 with slightly different contents, the most detailed one being Prov. 396:4. Furthermore I refer to a lithographed edition Majmuayi-risala, lithographed in Tashkent by Ghulam Hassan Arifdzjanov (probably around 1910, no date indicated). A copy is to be found in my collection of Central Asian lithographs, now in the University Library of Lund, numbered Lit. 92. The copy contains 21 different risalas and prayers. Let me end by stating that agriculture has not been a popular theme with the turkologists who have devoted their time to the ethnology of Eastern Turkestan."
Jarring (1997-98: 1-3) says: "As far as can be seen only Katanov (KM II: 8 on the names of fruits - Die Bedeutung der Obstnamen) and Malov (Malov 11:9-11 (Khotan) cotton, wheat, maize, flax; Malov 11:54 (Aq-su) about mutual aid (lapkut)) have some insignificant information on this subject."
Need to figure out what exact sound the glyph ȧ represents, and convert it to IPA; ž.
Did rough tagging with rough-tagger.xsl. Did hand-editing on the result to make it valid. Finalized 2013-05-16.
Finished annotating document.
finished checking SEG, POS, ILG tiers, but still have some problems to solve.
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Jarring “1 ot and gia:h (P. gīyāh) both meaning 'plant' but ot meaning also 'herb' or 'grass' or more generally 'vegetation'; gia:h plants, including trees and bushes. But there seems to be no definite distinction between the two terms; Schwarz 419 ot II grass, 853 giya plant, grass; weed” | “2 semiz ot 'the fat plant' is evidently 'purslane', according to the Concise Oxford Dictionary a low succulent herb (Pormlaca oleracea); Schwarz 500 semizot purslane (Portulaca oleracea) used in Uyghur folk medicine, illustration on p. 507 simizot; Dorilir 155 semiz ot Chin. Ma chi xian other name χɛrpɛ, picture no. 58; Malov II: 150 semiz ot (Aq-su) a plant used for curing scab (the leaves are applied to the affected places)” | “3 tu̇gɛ tapanï 'the camel's sole'; Schwarz 217 tögitapan Zygophyllum oxianum, a kind of bean caper; SH 219 tuga tápáni a plant, not identified; Dorilir 538 tügɛ tapan Chin, luo tuo ti сao Zygophyllum oxianum Boriss. picture no. 282 - that semiz ot is also called tu̇gɛ tapanï may be true in Kashghar. Anyhow the two plants seem to be alike in the illustrations presented in Dorilir”
Jarring “4 bɛttɛ a special kind of pilaff Iran., cf. Steingass 155 P. bata dried rice; Aslanov 108 batá soft-boiled rice porridge without flavouring; for b. v. Schwarz 67 bättä pilaff with vegetables; Ма1оv 11:99 bättä aš a dish without fat, consisting of boiled rice with meat broth, in Turfan a kind o: pilaff, pilaff with qovurdaq [according to Malov II: 124 (Turfan, Tatar) grilled meat]; in Kashgha: 1978 I noted bɛttɛ polo a kind of cooked rice - Raquette (unpublished materials) has noted bättä: kind of curry, which seams doubtful” | “5 kaŋpaŋ Chin. gānfan cooked rice (Pinyin 217); Schwarz 839 gaŋpän cooked rice; N 675 gaŋpɛn cooked rice flavoured with vegetables; Rakhimov 231 ganfan, gaŋpɛn a dish of cooked no with meat sauce”
Jarring “6 because it is a medicinal herb”
Jarring: “7 kapkap dandelion; J 164 kapkap Taraxacum; Schwarz 674 kapkap I dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum) also mamkap; Dorilir 153 mamkap, among other names kapkap Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. (illustration no. 57), N 633 kapkap, 698 mamkap dandelion; with velar q LCI: 94 qāp qāp Leontodum-Art; cf. Menges 64 kapkap onomat. Umschreibung "Schmatzer, Schmatzendes* Malov II: 121 qap-qap (Turfan) onomat, the barking of a dog” | “ 8 čaj köki is mentioned by SH 220 chái koki and LCII: 123 chái koki (čāi kökī?) without explanation or description; čaj obviously has nothing to do with 'tea'; cf. Jarring, Place-names 88 čaj a sort of grass, that cattle are fond of; a plant which is called tjaj [čaj] because the Dungans prepare a kind of tea from it which is called tag tjaj [taɣ čaj] either čaj is the name of some plant or grass or it has to be connected with čaj 'brook' (Jarring ibid.) 'brook verdure'. I leave the question open” | mézelik P. maza 'palatable' (Jarring 1998:72)
Jarring “9 pinnɛ mint P. Steingass 259 pūdina, pūdīna mint, spearmint; Schwarz 148 pinnä wrinkled giant hyssop (Agastache rugosa); Dorilir 231 pinnɛ in Chinese He xiang (a medicinal plant); Malov II: 145 pinä köki (Aq-su) a kind of plant” | “10 jalpuz wild mint; Schwarz 786 yalpuz field mint, peppermint (Mantha arvensis); Dorilir 78 jalpuz in Chinese Bo he; N 777 jalpuz mint, sage (salvia); Malov 1:153 jalpuz a kind of mint; R pinnä jalfuzï (jalpuzï) wild mint - SH 226 yálpuz a species of goosefoot, Chenopodium vulvaria and J 147 jalpuz goose-foot evidently indicate the name of another species”
Jarring “11 lojla goose-foot; Chin.; J 184 lojlɛ do.; Schwarz 863 loyla do.; N 692 lojla do.; Šiv. 233 lojla (Kulja) a kind of plant which, when burnt produces alkali, In Yangi-hisar it is the name for čaŋdu [meaning what?]
Jarring “12 lit. having grown long it spreads ...” | “13 japurmaɣlïq foliage; japurmaq leaf; SH 188 yâpârmaq a leaf (of a tree); but it is evidently used for leaf in general; cf. also Jarring, Stimulants p. 29 japurmaq; normally japraq~jafraq leaf; cf. further С 879 yapurğa:k; RN 188 japurɣak”
Jarring “14 qozï qulaqï ot lit. the lamb-ear plant, the sorrel; Schwarz 641 qoziqulaq sour dock (Rumex acetosa), used in Uyghur folk medicine; N 603 qoza qulaq sorrel; as a medicinal herb it ought to appear in Dorilir... It may be included under some other name, cf. at qulaq in n. 15, which is a species of sorrel.
Jarring “15 qu ot or, may be qo ot a species of sorrel; SH 223 qo koki a species of sorrel, Rumex klotschianus, same in LCII: 127; Dorilir 177 at qulaq in Chin. Tu da huang, other name qu Rumex crispus L. (picture 76); There are instances in qo which evidently refer to other plants, viz. J 250 qo penny-grass, N 600 qo name of a fragrant grassy plant; Malov II: 123 and 124 has qo koki deriving it from qoj kŏki 'sheep-plant' but with the meaning 'sorrel'. It will remain an open question if qu or qo.
Jarring “16 aq baš ot 'the white head plant'; cf. SH 216 áq básh aut celery, Apium graveoleum; the same LC II: 119; Dorilir 156 aq baš ot Chin. Bai tou wen.
Jarring “17 čiŋ kilpɛk ot an enigmatic name. Could it be an error in writing: kilpɛk for kilik? Thus: čiŋ kilik ot čiŋgilik ot; čiŋilik convolvolus; cf. Schwarz 365 çiñgilik dodder, bindweed (Convolvolus); Dorilir 311 ciŋilik Chin, niu pi xiao Cynanchum sibiricum Willd. (plate No. 160)
ching kilpek ot 'Cynanchum sibiricum' or' Convolvolus' might be chinggilek ot (GE)
Jarring “18 sɛrïɣ ot 'the yellow plant' was in 1935 described to me as follows (J 215, 267-268): a plant without root or without leaves and without flowers and seeds, but with stalks like long threads, yellow in colour. It was said to grow only in lucerne fields. I understood it as a parasitic plant, which is correct. Schwarz 498 seriq ot Japanese dodder (Cuscuta japonica) (also äptimun), used in Uyghur folk medicine. (Dodder is according to Webster, any of several parasitic plants lacking leaves, roots, and chlorophyl; the threadlike stem is equipped with special suckers for drawing nourishment from the host); Dorilir 461 sɛriq jügɛj also called seriq ot, in Chinese tu sizi Cuscuta chinensis Lam. (picture no. 247); jügɛj~ju̇gɛjju̇rgɛj ju̇rgɛ-~ jörgɛ- to roll, to wind; Schwarz 802 yögäy dodder; cf. futher SH 117 Sarigh-ôt literally 'yellow grass'. The name of a plain near the Karakorum, SH 221 sarigh aut a grass growing at high elevations. ɛptimun A.P. aftīmūn Greek epíthymon Cuscuta epithymum and similar species
Yunaanï A.P. Yuunaani 'Greek' | höku̇maa arb hukamaa' 'wise men, philosophers' (pl. of haakim) (Jarring 1998:70)
Jarring “19 misqal A. mis̥qāl J 196 a weight=3.5 gram
su̇t-i in MSU, would expect DAT here (su̇tige). (GE)
Jarring “20 ša:hterɛ 'royal skin'? a plant not identified, but evidently a medicinal herb. Raquette (unpublished materials) has ša:htɛri which would mean 'royal sweat'!
Jarring “21 su̇tlu̇k ot 'the milky plant', a kind of thistle; J 282 su̇tlu̇k ot milk-thistle, sow-thistle; SH 22 sutlik áut a species of sow-thistle, Mulgedium tataricum; Malov II: 154 sütlük ot (Kashghar) thistle The sütlük ot mentionned in Dorilir 283 (picture no. 143) is a different species: Euphorbia lampre carpa Prokh.” | “22 χoχa ot appears in VI: 5+n. 10 as χoχa gu̇l; cf. the references given there” | “23 kɛkru̇n ot may be the same as VI: 5+n. 9 kakeru̇; cf. the references given there” | “24 ču̇žgu̇n ot; Schwarz 356 çüzgün bot. Setaria viridis; ç. qonaq green bristlegrass (Eriocaulo buergerianum); Dorilir 493 čüšgün ündürmɛsi 'the sprout of č.', in Chinese gu уa - cf. ču̇zgu̇ qonaq a kind of maize 1:21+n. 29” | “25 jögu̇mɛč ot bindweed; J 159 jörgu̇mɛč bindweed jörgɛ-~ju̇rgɛ- to roll, to wind; SH 226 yurga mách bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis; LCII: 129 yȫrgämäč same meaning; Malov 1:15 jögämäš, Malov II: 119 jürgämäč, seriɣ j. (Kashghar) Convolvolus; Malov II: 117 jörgämäš ot (Ac su) a plant with white flowers; Malov III: 121 jögömöč name of a plant; Schwarz 802 yögimäç bindweed, field bindweed; possession vine (Convolvulus arvensis) (illustration p. 732 etizliq yögiyi)” | “26 čera: ot or, perhaps čira: ot not identified” | “ 27 čim ot not identified; perhaps, but unlikely čim 'turf' for which cf. С 421 çicm and D 1124 čim” | “28 šivɛ ot not identified. But Malov 1:197 has šivär name of a plant. It may be the same plant. Or has it to be connected with Schwarz 531 şivä II stench?”
shive 'marsh ', shive ot 'marsh plant' (?) (GE)
Jarring “29 šivaq ot Schwarz 531 şiwaq wormwood; capillary artemisia (Artemisia capillaris) used in Uyghur folk medicine, also called şuwaq (not in Dorilir); N 557 šivaq II 'feather-grass' is evidently another species with the same name”
shivaq ot 'Artemisia, a genus of plants including sagebrush and wormwood; a scrubby desert or marsh plant', cf. MSU shiwaq 'Artemisia (羽茅,蒿) (GE)
Jarring “30 dügɛn-du̇gu̇n or perhaps dögɛn~dögu̇n not to be identified; described as a 'black' plant -meaning?”
du̇gen may be 'licorice' (gen#ot calque of 甘草?) (GE)
Jarring “31 laŋxa ot is probably 'cauliflower'; cf. J 184 liaŋχa bɛjsɛj cabbage; N 687 laŋqa bɛjsɛj cabbage Rakhimov 244 lanhua baicai (güllük l.) cauliflower; Schwarz 861 läŋxabi a kind of cabbage Chin. Pinyin 423 liánhuā lotus flower; l. appears in VIII: 10+n. 30 as laŋχar.
Jarring “32 köl normally 'lake', but here no doubt in the meaning 'pond' in a garden or the village pond”
ghïzaa A. ghizaa' 'food, dish' (Jarring 1998:70).
Jarring “33 hɛmišɛ baha:r P. hamīsha bahār 'always spring' is the name for 'mallow', usually pronounced hɛmšɛbar (J 119); SH 226 hamshibar common mallow, Malva sylvestris
Jarring “34 čïɣïtmaq čïɣïrtmaq a species of Iris; SH 220 chîghîrtmáq a species of Iris, Iris soongarica; Schwarz 366 çiǧirtmaq Chinese small iris (Iris pallasii, I. lactea). Also called piçangül; Dorilir 175 čïɣïrtmaq Chin, ma lan (but Pinyin 453 mâlin Chinese small iris) picture no. 74 here called šorluq čïɣïrtmaɣlï Iris halophila Pall.; LCI:90 čïɣïrtmaq eine kleine blaue Iris (I. dzungarica), deren Blätter, getrocknet (paχā́l) als Packmaterial verwendbar; LC II: 123 chîghírtmáq (čïɣïrtmaq) Iris dzungarica (čïɣïrtmaqnïŋ paχálī das als Packstroh benutzte, trockne Iris-Laub) J 70 čïɣïtmaq (čïɣïrtmaq) a kind of rope, string seems to belong to another meaning of č. namely SH 103 chighartmaq a coarse kind of grass growing in bunches which grazing animals will not touch - but this also applies to the Iris”
Jarring “35 boda- or buda- borda-~burda- to fatten; bodaq-budaq bordaq~burdaq fattened; b. qoj fattened sheep, but in this context 'sheep to be fattened'; Mong. cf. RN 81 bordaɣ, 89 burda-“
Jarring “36 čïɣ J 70 a grass or reed, Arundinella nepalensis, used for making baskets and mats; SH 103 chigh a reed used for making baskets and mats; also a chick (Indian screen), SH 220 chîgh a grass, Arundinella nepalensis; Schwarz 365 çiğ splendid achnaterum (Achnatherum splendens), a reed used for making baskets and wearing apparel; Menges 31 čïɣ hohes Riedgrass; Malov II: 172 (Kucha) čïg a plant 'feather-grass'; cf. С 404 çi:g, D 1155 čïɣ, RN 107 čȳɣ”
Jarring “37 kulɛ rope; cf. Schwarz 713 kula straw rope - Origin?”
Jarring “38 in the text jɛni which no doubt is a mistake, it must be jenɛ”
Jarring “39 qoš qatar vɛqtidɛ is no doubt 'ploughing time'; qoš qat- to add two, i.e. to put a pair of oxen before the plough; usually we have qoš hɛjdɛ- with the same meaning”
Jarring “40 benefše violet P. Steingass 203 bunafsha, binafsha, banafsha violet, violet colour; R benɛbšɛ an unidentified plant; N 205 bɛnɛpšɛ violet (used as a sudorific remedy for fever); Schwarz 104 binäpşä adj. violet, binäpşäj violet (Viola oxycentra); Menges 21 bänpäšä Veilchen P.; Dorilir 158 binɛpšɛ, Chin, zi hua di ding, picture no. 60 with pictures of two species, viz. Viola oxycentra Juz. and Viola hirta L.”
Jarring “41 sandʓu nom. geogr. Sanju, name of a place and mountains east of Yarkand” | “42 kilian nom. geogr. name of a place south of Yarkand”